1. The Administrative Management
It is a term used for those early-day
contributors who developed and taught principles to be used by
managers, both individually and collectively, to improve the performance
of the overall functions of the
organization.
Henri Fayol (1841-1925)
a
successful French industrialist, developed
theories about management he
thought could be taught to those individuals with administrative
responsibilities.
a. Fayol’s lasting contribution is the functional approach to management
which is still used today. The major managerial functions, according to
Fayol, were planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and
controlling.
The functions have been slightly modified several times
since
Fayol. In the main, though, they still provide the basic framework for
studying management as witnessed by the organization of this and most
other principles of management texts used today. Like Weber, Fayol’s
works were not translated into English for a couple of decades after his
death.
b. Fayol gives us 14 principles of management which are still being used
nowadays. These principles are given below:
Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management
1. Division of work
Specialization increases output by making
employees more efficient.
2. Authority.
Managers must be able to give order. Authority
gives them this right. Along with authority,
however, goes responsibility.
3. Discipline.
Employees must obey and respect the rules that
govern the organization.
4. Unity of Command
An employee should receive orders from one
superior only.
5. Unity of direction.
The organization should have a single plan of
action to guide managers and workers.
6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest.
The interests of any one employee or group of
employees should not take precedence over the
interests of the organization as a whole.
7. Remuneration
.
Workers must be paid a fair wage
for their services.
8. Centralization.
This term refers to the degree to which
subordinates are involved in decision making.
9. Scalar Chain
.
The line term refers to the degree
to which subordinates are involved I decision making.
10. Order
.
People and materials should be in
the right place at the right time.
11. Equity
.
Managers should be kind and fair to
their subordinates.
12. Stability of tenure of personnel
Management should provide orderly personnel
planning and ensure that replacements are available
to fill vacancies.
13. Initiative.
Employees who are allowed to originate and
carry out plans will exert high levels of effort.
14. Esprit de corps
Promoting team spirit will build harmony and
unity within the organization.
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